—–. 1989. The brand new Sentence structure and you may Semantics off Verb Morphology when you look at the Modern Aramaic: An effective Jewish Dialect regarding Iraqi Kurdistan. Western Oriental Series, 69. New Sanctuary: Western China Area.
Meehan, Charles, and you can Jacqueline Alon. 1979. This new Child Whose Tunic Caught to help you Him: Good Folktale about Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out-of Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel China Studies nine:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Facts and Records inside the a period away from Lamentations towards the Ninth off Abdominal regarding Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The book from Exodus from inside the Neo-Aramaic on the Dialect of Jewish Neighborhood out of Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.
These types of six binyanim away from Syriac were reduced in NENA in order to one or two earliest categories, having a 3rd directly allied to the next
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Vocabulary Contact, Creolization, and you may Hereditary Linguistics. Berkeley and you may Los angeles: Univ. out-of California Push.
The original class originated from new peal, the following group from the pael, in addition to 3rd, whose vocalism observe that of next, hails from the fresh new afel
Other factor complicating the difficulty is the differential influences of your own individuals co-territorial languages. The brand new dialect differences inside Kurdish are significant, and also to the effect can be traced a few of the type certainly one of NENA dialects. Such as for instance, new Jewish Neo-Aramaic out of Halabja, like the Kurdish of your urban area, will not identify something special and you may future stressful, however, in which Kurdish retains such a change, therefore really does Neo-Aramaic. Within the Azerbaijan, Turkish has exerted strong influence on the newest Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), and the dialects of your basic off Mosul tell you an effective dictate out of Arabic maybe not viewed elsewhere.
Tkhuma (Tx): The language of descendants of emigrants from 1 of your own semi-independent ashirets out of the southern area of Turkey, today citizen across the Khabur Valley in Syria. Info is away from Jacobi salir con un adicto recuperado (1973) and you can my cards.
(5) Syriac had three very first spoken stems, new peal, new pael, as well as the afel. To the was indeed added three couch potato stems, designed about very first of those of the prefixation of elizabeth[Theta]-: new e[Theta]pael, the latest age[Theta]paal, together with ettafal. This case is available throughout the NENA. For the majority NENA languages, verbs tend to stay-in the verb classes in which they certainly were included in before levels of your code. That’s, new descendant out of a good Syriac peal verb will be good NENA Class We verb, and you can an effective Syriac pael verb could be an effective NENA Classification II verb: such as for instance, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ regarding earlier peal, and sadure ‘send’ of prior to pael. However, for the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and maybe Koy Sanjaq, the class registration might have been reorganized that is foreseeable on foundation of the model of brand new stalk in lieu of the historic origin. Eg, into the Azerbaijani brand new C base provides the mode CaCoC- having sound verbs, whichever its resource, and you can CCaC- to possess middle-poor verbs: garosen ‘I am pulling’, however, kwasan ‘I (f.) are descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Several other really high development in the NENA is the 3rd individual copula with l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This type get obtain (Noldeke 1868, 203) out-of we[Theta] leh ‘he has’, however, no copula think its great is additional NENA. The first and second individual do not have an enthusiastic l, but in the Jewish Azerbaijani, where in actuality the l might have been general from the paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin we:profit ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is found during NENA except inside Halabja, that has -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it is the week away from mercy’. Neither Turoyo nor Mandaic keeps models parallel to ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he are here’, harke-zero ‘I are here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he is charming’, basim-na ‘I in the morning charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The old Aramaic phrase to possess ‘son’, bra into the BT, has been offered in all NENA except Hertevin of the introduction of diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, personal correspondence), Zakho brona (Meehan and Alon 1979, 177). Yet not, one another Turoyo and you can Mandaic has an epenthetic vowel, however, no suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and Mandaic eber otherwise ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) In some instances, Hertevin aligns with Turoyo, up against the rest of NENA. It does not have a great CCaCa establish stressful (6), doesn’t have sodir preterite (12), doesn’t have preposition ta (15), and you may spends ruh in order to create reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The brand new Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect from Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Study and you will Folkloristic Texts. Janua Linguarum, series practica step three. The fresh Hague: Mouton.
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